Authorized Institutes on Canada

1. Vancouver, British Columbia
Canadian College of Shiatsu Therapy
142 Lonsdale Ave. North Vancouver, BC Canada V7M2E8
Tel: (604)904-4187
Fax: (604)904-4183
e-mail: info@oyayubi.com

Japan
Japan Shiatsu College
2-15-6, Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 112-0002
Tel: 81-3-3813-7354
Fax: 81-3-3816-3551

USA
Aisen Shiatsu School
Suite 601 & 602, Interstate Bldg,
1314 South King Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814
Tel: 808-596-7354
Fax: 808-593-8282

Taiwan
Taiwan Shiatsu School
9F, No.28, Chen Kung Rd, Sec.5 Nai Hu Dis, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel: 02-2760-1006, 02-2795-5917
Fax: 02-2768-8515

Italy
Scuola Itariana Shiatsu
Piazzale, 9 9-00196 Rome Italy
Tel: 39-06-3201908

Spain
Centro De Shiatsu
Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, 9 1,107. Escal. B-28036 Madrid
Tel: 91345 36 99
Fax: 91359 87 56

Argentina
Escuela Argentina de Shiatsu
Av. Libertador 4602 Piso 2 -(1426) Cap. Fed.
Tel: 54-11-4722-1117

Australia
Shiatsu Academy
54 Brighton Road, Balaclava Vic. 3183
Tel: 03-9525-7968

Shiatsu Educational Standard

The CSSBC has set an educational standard curriculum for Shiatsu Therapy for professional certification in Canada at a total of 2200 hours.  This is the federal standard curriculum for Shiatsu Therapy in Canada.  The designation, "Registered Shiatsupractor" is awarded to the members who meet the minimum requirements of the CSSBC and practice in accordance with the CSSBC's Code of Ethics.  Because health care providers must have knowledge of medical foundations, the 2200 hours of education must contain a minimum of 700 hours of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology.  Representative Shiatsu organizations in Canada, including the CSSBC, set the 2200 hour curriculum as the minimum educational standard for Shiatsu Therapy.  The following are guidelines for inclusion in the 2200 hour curriculum:

• Shiatsu Foundation
• Advanced Shiatsu
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Kinesiology
• Pathology
• Clinical experience
• Ethics and Professionalism
• Business Management
• First Aid and CPR

 *must be spent more than 66% as Instructed Study or Supervised Training.

The 2200-hour Standard Cubiculum

1. Compulsory Section - 1600 hours

I. SHIATSU FOUNDATION  - 150 hours
must be studied with "The complete book of Shiatsu Therapy by Toru Namikoshi

Shiatsu Theory

A. History of Shiatsu

1. Founder
2. Past
3. Current roles in the health field

1. Therapeutic aims and considerations
2. Procedures in treatment
3. Effects
4. Current research

Shiatsu Technique

C. Basic Operations

1. Various in application of hand pressure
2. Kinds of pressure
3. Differentiation of pressure intensity

1. Shiatsu for a patient lying in the lateral position (oh-ga)
2. Shiatsu for a patient in the prone position (fuku-ga)
3. Adjusting the back
4. Shiatsu for a patient lying in the supine position (gyoh-ga)

E. Additional Technique

1. Total treatment using a therapy table
2. Shiatsu for a patient kneeling position (seiza)
3. Shiatsu for a patient upright in a chair

A. Treating specific pathological conditions
        (mandatory minimum 50hours)

1. Circulatory system
2. Neuropathy
3. Ailments in the alimentary (digestive) organs
4. Irregularities in the locomotor system
5. Disorders in the metabolic, endocrine, urinary & reproductive system
6. Disorders in the sensory organs
7. Respiratory ailments
8. Children's diseases

B. Derivative Shiatsu techniques & theories  (optional)

1. Tsubo Shiatsu

• What is Tsubo?
• Tsubo in Shiatsu
• The effectiveness of the hand
• Keiketsu Shiatsu Points / KSP
• The names of 200 Tsubo
• Tsubo for pathological conditions
• Gate Control Theory of pain
• Negative and Positive Ions

2. Tao Shiatsu
3. Ioh-kai (Zen) Shiatsu
4. Meridian Shiatsu
5. Oha Shiatsu
6. Macrobiotic Shiatsu
7. Others

III. CLINICAL PRACTICE - 500 hours

A. Overview

This portion of study integrates all previous theoretical subjects and applies them to actual clinical conditions

Students, working with a caseload of at least 250 whole-body treatments, minimum 375 hours treatment time under qualified supervision

A. General Anatomy

1. Parts of the body, i.e., appendicular and axial skeletons
2. General terms, i.e.,
   • principle axis
   • principle planes
   • direction in space
   • direction in movement
3. Cells
4. Tissues
5. Bone development bones classification and general features
6. Joints between bone, continuous and discontinuous
7. Muscle classification and general myology - auxiliary features, (fascias, tendon synovial sheaths, bursa)
8. Investigation of muscle function using palpation and inspection

1. Vertebral column, skull, thorax, pectoral girdle, upper extremity, pelvic girdle, hip bone and pelvis, lower extremity
2. Palpation of major landmarks

1. Classification, types and range of motion
2. Upper and lower extremities, trunk
3. Palpation of joints

1. Cranial and facial region, neck
2. Trunk region - 5 layers of the back, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum
3. Upper extremity - shoulder, arm, forearm and hand
4. Lower extremity - iliac region, thigh, hip, and leg and foot
5. Palpation of muscles

1. The heart, arteries and veins
2. Anatomical structure and topography
3. Fetal circulation

1. General anatomy
2. Location and pathways

1. General development and organization of the nervous system
2. CNS and PNS
3. Automatic nervous system - parasympathetic and sympathetic
4. Brain
5. Special sensory or tongue, nose, eyes and ear
6. Neural reflexes
7. Referred pain patterns, e.g., structural and visceral

1. Subdivision of alimentary canal
2. Organs related to digestion
3. Organs related to absorption
4. Organs related to evacuation
5. Accessory digestive organs - liver, pancreas
6. Peritoneum

1. Upper - above trachea
2. Lower
3. Larynx

• Suggested 2nd year study
• The body is divided into regions and the structures of each region and their inter-relatedness studies i.e., bones and joints soft tissues, blood vessels and nerves.
  1. Thorax, anterior, lateral and posterior aspects
  2. Abdomen
  3. Pelvis
  4. Upper limb
  5. Lower limb
  6. Head and neck

V. PHYSIOLOGY - 300 hours

A. General

1. Structure, composition and function of tissues
2. Cellular structure and composition
3. Functional systems of the cell
4. Protein synthesis
5. Cellular reproduction
6. Fluid environment of the cell
7. Transport through cell membrane

1. Blood cells, hemoglobin, resistance to infection
2. Blood coagulation
3. Immunity and allergy
4. Lymphatic systems, composition, flow and function of lymph
5. Function and action of spleen

1. Membrane potential and nerve transmission
2. Physiology of nerve fiber
3. Membrane potentials
4. Action potential and nerve impulse
5. Re-establishment of ionic concentration differences
6. Stimuli (ETH) excitation of nerve fiber
7. Transmission of signals over nerve trunks
8. Transmission of impulses by tissue other than nerve fiber (skeletal muscles, heart muscles, smooth muscles)
9. Impulse transmission at neuromuscular junction

1. Design and function
2. Function of synapse; basic neural circuits
3. Spinal cord and lower brain stem
4. Somatic sensations and interpretation of sensory signals by brain
5. Control of muscle movements by cerebral cortex, basal, ganglia and cerebellum
6. Autonomic nervous system and hypothalamus

1. Skeletal muscle
   1. Physiologic anatomy of skeletal muscle
   2. Molecular characteristics of contractile filaments
   3. Interaction of myosin and action filament s to cause contraction
   4. Initiation of muscle contraction
   5. Intercellular tubular system: the longitudinal and transverse tubules
   6. Calcium metabolism
   7. Characteristics of whole muscle contraction
   8. Muscle fatigue
2. Smooth muscle
   1. Types
   2. Contractile process
   3. Initiation of contraction by calcium ions

1. Heart - the pumping actions of the heart and its regulations including;
   1. The structural and functional characters of cardiac muscles
   2. Regulation of cardiac rhythmicity
   3. Conduction of impulse through heart
   4. Heart sounds / function of heart valves
   5. Systole and diastole
   6. Nervous control of the heart
2. Blood - the systemic blood circulation and its regulation including:
   1. Hemodynamics
   2. Blood flow and cardiac output
   3. Blood pressure and resistance to blood flow
   4. Regulation of blood flow through the tissues
   5. Auto regulation of flood flow / role oxygen
   6. Nervous control of blood flow
   7. Pulmonary circulation
   8. Coronary circulation
   9. Cerebral circulation
   10. Portal circulation
   11. Mechanism of blood flow regulation in muscle
   12. Blood flow through skin
   13. Mechanisms of arterial pressure regulation
   14. Cardiac output, venous pressure and shock

1. Mechanism of respiration: transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Regulation of respiration

1. Body fluids and the lymphatic system
2. Urine formation by the kidney
3. Regulation of body fluid constituents and volumes

1. G.I. movement and secretion and their regulation
2. Digestion and assimilation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins
3. Body heat and temperature regulations

1. Pituitary
2. Thyroxin
3. Adrenocortical hormones
4. Pancreatic hormones
5. Calcium metabolism, bone, parathyroid hormone
6. Sexual functions of the male and female
7. The sex hormones
8. Reproduction
9. Fetal physiology

A. Acute Inflammation

1. Definition
2. Cause of
3. Changes occurring

1. Definition
2. Cause of
3. Types of chronic inflammation
4. General effects of chronic inflammation

1. Intoxication
2. Infection (ETH) transmission of organisms to the body
3. The body's defense against infection - mechanical integrity of body surfaces
   1. Mechanical; i.e. - skin keratin
   2. Biological; i.e. - resident flora
   3. Chemical; i.e. - secretions
4. Decontamination
5. Patterns of infection
6. Spread of infection within the body
7. Factors determining localization or spread of infection involving;
   1. Organisms
   2. Host

1. Healing of skin wounds
2. Factors influencing wound healing, local and general
3. Complications of wound healing
4. Healing in specialized tissues:
   1. Regeneration in epithelial tissue
   2. Regeneration in connective tissue
   3. Healing in nervous tissue

1. The B-cell system - immunoglobulin production, immunity and hypersensitivity
2. The T-cell system
3. Autoimmunity - mechanism of autoantibodies, role of antibodies in disease process.

1. Normal mechanism of control in the systemic circulation
2. Local edema
3. Generalized edema
4. Unexplained edema
5. Pulmonary edema

1. Normal function
2. Thrombosis
   1. General causes
   2. Arterial thrombosis
   3. Venous thrombosis
   4. Cardiac thrombosis
3. Hypoxia
4. Ischemia
5. Embolism
6. Infarction
7. Vascular spasm
8. Systemic hypertension
   1. Types, pathogenesis, effects and complications

1. Arteriosclerosis
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Inflammatory diseases of arteries
4. Peripheral vascular disease
5. Aneurysm
6. Varicose veins
7. Raynaud's disease
8. Beurger's disease

1. Rtheumatic heart disease
2. Endocarditis
3. Aortic stenosis
4. Arteriosclerotic heart disease
5. Cardiac dysrhythmias
6. Congestive heart failure
7. Myocardial disease

1. Respiratory failure
2. Dyspnea
3. Bronchial obstruction
4. Pneumonia
5. Pulmonary edema
6. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma
7. Pleurisy
8. Emphysema
9. Pneumothorax
10. Pleural tumors

1. Chronic peptic ulcer
2. Acute ulceration
3. Crohn's disease
4. Idiopathic ulcerative colitis
5. Diverticular disease of the colon
6. Appendicitis
7. Peritonitis
8. Hernias
9. Intestinal obstruction
10. Gastritis

1. Portal hypertension
2. Bilirubin metabolism and jaundice
3. Acute viral hepatitis
4. Cirrhosis of the liver

1. Definition varieties
2. Healing
3. Complications

1. Arthritis
2. Scleroderma
3. Bursitis
4. Frozen shoulder
5. Iliotibial band contracture
6. Dislocation
7. Dupuytren's contracture
8. Fibrosis
9. Scarring
10. Muscular dystrophypes planus
11. Pes planus
12. Postural deformities - hyper / hypo lordosis and kyphosis
13. Scoliosis
14. Synovitis
15. Tenosynovitis
16. Tendonitis
17. Intervertebral disc prolapse and herniation
18. Torticollis
19. Sprain / strain
20. Scheuermann's disease
21. Osteoporosis

1. Acute inflammation and degeneration of nervous tissue
2. Regeneration of fibers
3. Flaccid paralysis
4. Upper motor neuron lesions
   1. Hemiplegia
   2. Verebral palsy
5. Lower motor neuron lesions
   1. Infantile paralysis
   2. Progressive muscular atrophy
6. Spinal cord injuries
7. Parkinson's disease
8. Multiple sclerosis
9. Nerve lesions of the extremities
   1. Ulnar paralysis
   2. Median paralysis
   3. Radial paralysis
   4. lesion of circumflex nerve
   5. Erb's paralysis
   6. Klumpke's paralysis
   7. Formal paralysis
   8. Lateral popliteal paralysis
   9. Facial paralysis
10. Neuritis / neuralgia; i.e. sciatica

1. Dermatitis and eczema
2. Psoriasis
3. Acne vulgaris
4. Contagious skin disease

VII. KINESIOLOGY- 50 hours

1. Lever function and classes
2. Types of muscle work
3. Principles of physical examination (assessment) based on normal range of motion in all joints: correct and normal gait
4. Factors affecting posture
5. The effect of posture and other systems and parts of the body (general health)
6. Review of joint dysfunction
7. Muscle strength testing
8. Joint function testing
9. Mechanics of human movement
10. Palpation
11. Posture evaluation
12. Range of motion testing
13. Spinal mechanics
14. Classification of movement
15. Classification of exercises and their uses, effects and contraindications
16. Instruction of patient with emphasis on home self management
17. Developing a progression of exercises as patient's condition changes
18. Stress reduction techniques
19. Water exercises and mobilization

A. First Aid and CPR

1. Standard First Aid and CPR

1. Basic accounting
2. Fees
3. Building a practice
4. Taxation
5. Cost efficiency
6. Rental agreements
7. Zoning
8. Business licenses
9. Associations

1. Professional ethics in Shiatsu therapy
2. Clinical ethics and standards
3. Role of Shiatsu practitioners and other professionals within the healing arts
4. Professional presentation
5. Advertising guidelines
6. Attitudes to Shiatsu

2. Optional Section - 600 hours

IX. NUTRITION

An overview of absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and major vitamins and minerals, including effects of deficient and over dose.

X. JAPANESE CULTURE

1. History
2. Culture
3. Language
4. Etc

1. Practical implication of material on infectious diseases
2. Methods of hygiene and sanitation
   1. Aseptic and antiseptic principles
   2. Antiseptic and fungicidal methods
   3. Personal and clinical hygiene
3. Overview of health care system
4. Role of community in health

1. Communication skills
2. Counselling
3. Clinical Psychology

XIII. KAMPO / TCM Theory

1. What is Kampo?
2. The essential life force and the art of Kampo.
3. Examination and Treatment.
4. Kampo manual.
5. Kampo Medications.

Students participate in public demonstrations and health promotion events